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Endoscopic
Plastic Surgery
Rational:
Plastic surgery has only
recently begun to adopt the minimally invasive surgical
procedures using the endoscopic techniques. However it has
expanded rapidly with applications across the broad range of
plastic surgery interferences.
To keep the pace with the
advanced endoscopic surgeries, surgeons should develop this
new technique especially for the basic skills as a step.
These basic skills should be mastered by the widest possible
base of orthopedic surgeons.
The indications of using the
endoscope in the field of plastic surgery may include:
facial surgeries, breast surgeries, abdominoplasty, tissue
expansion, carpal tunnel release, free tissue harvesting,
and microsurgery.
Targeted
Groups:
Both under ad post-graduates
are targeted for developing the needed knowledge for
endoscopic plastic surgeries.
Goals:
-
Presenting the basic
academic knowledge of endoscopic plastic surgeries for
the undergraduates.
-
Presenting informative
academic knowledge and basic experimental and clinical
training of endoscopic plastic surgeries for the
postgraduates. Mastering the endoscopic skills for
performing the necessary operative plastic surgery
interferences should follow these basic and advanced
course and workshops.
Course
prerequisites:
Undergraduate medical
students including house officers. The candidates should be
in their final clinical years or already house officers.
Course logistics:
(e.g., location, length and dates of course)
Location:
Didactic part will be given in the lecture room in Assiut
Medical School Educational development center (AMEDC), main
faculty building, and 5th floor, Corridor B.
·
Orientation
about instruments will take place at the skill lab in Assiut
University Center for Endoscopic Surgery Training (AUCEST),
main faculty building, 5th floor, Corridor B.
·
Attending
live procedures will take place in the respective endoscopic
centers in Assiut University Hospital.
Time
frame:
·
The didactic
sessions will take 1 hour.
·
Orientation
about the instruments and simulated practice for 2 hours.
·
Live training
in the endoscopic centers in the hospitals will take place
According to a specific schedule in the two weeks after the
course (6 hours).
Teaching and training methods:
·
The didactic
part will be in the form of interactive presentations.
·
The practical
part will consist of
o
Demonstration
of instruments
o
Display the
function and mechanism of action of the different
instruments and equipments.
Instructional materials:
§ Didactic:
PowerPoint presentations, lecture handouts
§
Practical
skills: videotapes, CDs, endoscopic instruments,
laparoscopic abdominal simulator.
§
Live
training: live demonstration of procedures according to the
learning guide
Assignments:
Prior reading of the steps of
the procedures that will be performed live is required.
Attendance
criteria:
Participants
are required to attend all the didactic sessions and
simulated practice before being allowed to attend the live
training.
Course goal (s):
The
Plastic Surgery activities in AUCEST is aiming to present
the postgraduate participants with enough academic and
clinical data through theoretical and hands-on-workshops in
all plastic surgery aspects in which the endoscope can be
applied.
This
may include:
Endoscopic facial surgeries
Endoscopic breast surgeries
Endoscopic tissue expansion
Endoscopic free tissue
harvesting
Endoscopic assisted
microsurgery
Learning
objectives
By
the end of this course, participants should be able to:
1. Know
the important milestones in the history of medical
endoscopy.
2.
Give an
overview about endoscopy in plastic surgery.
3.
List the
indications, procedures, contraindications, and
complications of endoscopic plastic surgery.
4.
List the
instruments and imaging equipments needed in this field.
5.
Know the
basics of sterilization, cleaning, and packing of the
instruments.
6.
Know the
basics of the uses and adjustments of the imaging
equipments.
Course
prerequisites:
Postgraduate
medical students including residents, assistant lecturers,
and specialists. The candidates should have at least two
years of plastic surgery training.
Course
logistics: (e.g.,
location, length and dates of course)
Location:
·
Didactic part
will be given in the lecture room in Assiut Medical School
Educational development center (AMEDC), main faculty
building, and 5th floor, Corridor B.
·
Orientation
about instruments will take place at the skill lab in Assiut
University Center for Endoscopic Surgery Training (AUCEST),
main faculty building, 5th floor, Corridor B.
·
Attending
simulated and experimental live surgery workshops.
·
Attending
live procedures will take place in the respective endoscopic
centers in Assiut University Hospital.
Time
Frame
·
The didactic
sessions will take 9 hour divided in the three days course
duration.
·
Orientation
about the instruments and simulated practice for 2 hours in
the first day.
·
Simulated and
experimental live surgery workshops will take 12 hour
divided in two days.
·
Live training
in the plastic surgery department of Assiut University
Hospital for 8 hours in the last day of the course.
Instructional materials:
§
Didactic:
PowerPoint presentations, lecture handouts
§
Practical
skills: videotapes, CDs, endoscopic instruments,
laparoscopic abdominal simulator.
§ Experimental
training. Animals
§ Live
training. Clinical applications.
Teaching and training
methods:
·
The didactic
part will be in the form of interactive presentations. The
discussed topics should include all current aspects of
endoscopic plastic surgery as:
Facial
surgeries
Facial endoscopic
surgeries were the first ones to be applied mainly for
face-lifting especially for the forehead and brow areas to
elevate the eye brows and reduce forehead wrinkling.
Breast
Surgeries
They are mainly
applied for breast augmentation through the hidden axillary
incision instead of the visible intra-areolar or
infra-mammary incisions.
Abdominoplasty:
Through the endoscope, the surgeon can repair a divercation
of the recti muscles through few limited incisions instead
of the conventional long supra-pubic incision
Tissue expansion:
The endoscope can present the opportunity of a limited
incision plus working away from the field to be expanded to
avoid the extrusion complication.
Carpal tunnel
release: The endoscopic approach for this syndrome can
provide
an incision away from the palm area with shortening of the
postoperative recovery.
Tissue harvesting:
There are
increasing reports nowadays about the laparoscopic
harvesting of omentum and jejunum through limited incisions.
Moreover, the sural nerve, and some muscles like LD, RA
muscles can be harvested via the endoscope with limited
incisions and less morbidity.
Microsurgery:
For
microsurgical performance, the surgeon just needs to see the
field magnified with a good degree of resolution. The recent
explosion in digital technology made the performance of the
complex surgical procedures with the guidance of
video-imaging, a well established concept. A combination of
digital imaging and microsurgery seems to be an inevitable
result of progress in both these areas. Moreover, the
endoscopic techniques provide both magnification and the
ability to operate at a distance and to include all the team
members in the act.
The scope could be mounted above the operative field with
the image display
on a high resolution colored monitor set up in front of the
surgeon to perform
microsurgery.
The practical part will
consist of:
*
Demonstration
of instruments including> forceps, needle holders,
coagulators, suction cannuals, elevators, scissors, and
others
* Display
the function and mechanism of action of the different
equipments including camera system, light source, monitor,
and documentation sets.
*
Laparoscopic abdominal simulator to gain the depth
perception and the eye-to-hand coordination.
Experimental training animal
models:
*
Through the
down mentioned application the candidate should know the
basic knowledge about animal anesthesia, positioning, and
handling, and get the needed clinic sense of instrumental
handling and dealing.
*
Pigs for
tissue harvesting such as latissimus dorsi, rectus
abdominis, and gracilis muscle harvesting. In this part of
training the candidate should be firstly guided by the
instructors in the first session, then he should be able in
later sessions to endoscopically dissect each of these
muscle from its both sides< anterior and posterior with
dealing of the vascular perforators by clipping or
coagulation. Moreover, he should to be able to dissect the
critical area of the neuro-vascular bundle of these muscles
till complete harvesting of the muscle.
*
Pigs for
creating pockets for implanting tissue expanders and breast
implants. In this part of training the applicant should be
able to dissect a subcutaneous plan, cauterize vessels and
create a pocket which should be then followed by implant a
tissue expander or a empty, saline filled or gel filled
breast implants.
*
Sprague
Dewley rats for endoscopic assisted microvascular
anastomoses on the rat femoral vessels. In this part of
training the applicant should be able to dissect the femoral
vessels including the artery, vein, and nerve form the
surrounding tissue and from each other, followed by
transecting them, applying microvascular clamps, and
performing the suture anastomoses.
Live Training
Live
demonstration of procedures according to the learning guide.
Breast augmentation, forehead lifting and endoscopic
assisted microsurgery are the main clinical training topics
as they are the most widely used application nowadays. In
these applications, the candidate should be able to get the
needed information about patient selection, measurements,
choosing the suitable implants, and instruments. Selecting
the type of anesthesia, patient positioning, endoscopic
tower position and operative team personnel and its position
are preparatory targeted objectives. Post-operative follow
up, patient discharge criteria, and expected complication
are the clinical targeted objectives.
Assignments:
Prior reading of the steps of
the procedures that will be performed live is required.
Attendance criteria:
Participants
are required to attend all the didactic sessions, simulated
and experimental practice before being allowed to attend the
live training.
Learner assessment:
*
Formative assessment
of knowledge about the procedures will be done in the
theatre before embarking on the procedure.
*
Skills will be
assessed by direct observation of participant performance
using a checklist
Done Courses:
1st Course "
Endoscopy in Plastic Surgery "
§ 24-27
July 2006.
§ 16
Trainees.(9
Form Assiut University
Hospitals, 5 from other University Hospital, 1 From MOH, 1
International).
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